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Zaynab bint Ali
Zaynab bint Ali ((アラビア語:زينب بنت علي) Also: Zainab, Zeinab, or with the title ''Sayyeda/Sayyidah'') was one of the daughters of the Rashid Caliph and first Shia Imam, Ali and his first wife Fatimah. Muhammad the Islamic prophet was her maternal grandfather, and thus she is a member of ''ahl al-bayt'' (the household of Muhammad), and is therefore often revered not only for her admirable characteristics and actions but also for her membership in and continuation of the biological line of Muhammad. Like other members of her family she became a great figure of sacrifice, strength, and piety in Islam – in the Sunni and Shia sects of the religion. Zaynab married Abdullah ibn Jafar and had three sons and two daughters. When her brother Husayn rebelled against the caliph in 680 AD (61 AH), Zaynab accompanied his army, which was defeated by government forces at the Battle of Karbala. Zaynab played an important role in protecting the life of her nephew Ali Ibn Al Husayn and because of her sacrifice and heroism, she became known as the "Hero of Karbala". Zaynab died in 681 AD, and her shrine is located in Damascus, Syria. 〔Esposito, J.L., The Oxford Dictionary of Islam, New York:2003〕
==Early life==
Zaynab was the third child of Ali ibn Abi Talib and his wife (Muhammad's daughter) Fatimah. Sources suggest she was born in Medina in the 5th year of the Hijra (Wednesday, 5 Jumada al-awwal, 5 AH/October 2, 626 AD Julian calendar.〔 There is some debate over whether she was born on the 5th of Jumada al-awwal or the 1st of Sha'aban of the Islamic calendar. Like her two elder brothers Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali, Zaynab was named by Muhammad.
The name "Zaynab" means "the adornment of her father" (Baap ki Zeenat in Urdu). Three of Ali's daughters were in fact named Zaynab, so sometimes this Zaynab was referred to as "Zaynab the elder".〔Mufīd, Muḥammad Ibn Muḥammad. Kitāb Al-irshād: The Book of Guidance into the Lives of the Twelve Imams. Trans. I.K.A. Howard. Partridge Green, Horsham: Balagha, 1981. Print.〕
Fatimah died when Zaynab was seven years old. This tragic event at an early age may help to explain her special closeness with her brothers Hasan and Husayn.
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